The goal of this project was to demonstrate and validate the use of a water-soluble polymer with permanganate for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of organic contaminants to improve the sweep efficiency of permanganate through heterogeneous media and to control manganese dioxide particles to enhance contaminant destruction. Two test plots were treated at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune s Site 88 to treat TCE. Permanganate only was delivered to one plot to serve as a control, while permanganate with the polymers xanthan gum (for improved sweep) and sodium hexametaphosphate (for manganese dioxide byproduct control) were delivered to the second plot. With polymer, the sweep efficiency doubled from 37% in the permanganate-only plot to 67% in the permanganate + polymer plot with one pore volume of amendment delivered. With polymer, preferential flow was reduced and there was no resulting negative impact to injection pressure. Total costs of polymer-amended ISCO above traditional ISCO are estimated at approximately $58 per cubic meter of treated media. Additional benefits of implementation can include lower injection volume and field time requirements and lower probability of contaminant rebound.

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